Dataset statistics
| Number of variables | 11 |
|---|---|
| Number of observations | 699 |
| Missing cells | 0 |
| Missing cells (%) | 0.0% |
| Duplicate rows | 8 |
| Duplicate rows (%) | 1.1% |
| Total size in memory | 60.2 KiB |
| Average record size in memory | 88.2 B |
Variable types
| Numeric | 9 |
|---|---|
| Categorical | 2 |
| Dataset has 8 (1.1%) duplicate rows | Duplicates |
size is highly correlated with shape | High correlation |
shape is highly correlated with size | High correlation |
Reproduction
| Analysis started | 2021-02-25 09:31:09.485360 |
|---|---|
| Analysis finished | 2021-02-25 09:31:20.717879 |
| Duration | 11.23 seconds |
| Software version | pandas-profiling v2.10.0 |
| Download configuration | config.yaml |
ID
Real number (ℝ≥0)
| Distinct | 645 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 92.3% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 1071704.099 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 61634 |
| Maximum | 13454352 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 61634 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 411453 |
| Q1 | 870688.5 |
| median | 1171710 |
| Q3 | 1238298 |
| 95-th percentile | 1333890.8 |
| Maximum | 13454352 |
| Range | 13392718 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 367609.5 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 617095.7298 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5758079404 |
| Kurtosis | 257.7171591 |
| Mean | 1071704.099 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 104381 |
| Skewness | 13.67532594 |
| Sum | 749121165 |
| Variance | 3.808071398 × 1011 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1182404 | 6 | 0.9% |
| 1276091 | 5 | 0.7% |
| 1198641 | 3 | 0.4% |
| 1114570 | 2 | 0.3% |
| 704097 | 2 | 0.3% |
| 695091 | 2 | 0.3% |
| 1320077 | 2 | 0.3% |
| 733639 | 2 | 0.3% |
| 798429 | 2 | 0.3% |
| 1299924 | 2 | 0.3% |
| Other values (635) | 671 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 61634 | 1 | |
| 63375 | 1 | |
| 76389 | 1 | |
| 95719 | 1 | |
| 128059 | 1 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 13454352 | 1 | |
| 8233704 | 1 | |
| 1371920 | 1 | |
| 1371026 | 1 | |
| 1369821 | 1 |
thickness
Real number (ℝ≥0)
| Distinct | 10 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 4.417739628 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 2 |
| median | 4 |
| Q3 | 6 |
| 95-th percentile | 10 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Range | 9 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 4 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 2.815740659 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.6373713473 |
| Kurtosis | -0.6237154123 |
| Mean | 4.417739628 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 2 |
| Skewness | 0.5928585327 |
| Sum | 3088 |
| Variance | 7.928395456 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 145 | |
| 5 | 130 | |
| 3 | 108 | |
| 4 | 80 | |
| 10 | 69 | |
| 2 | 50 | 7.2% |
| 8 | 46 | 6.6% |
| 6 | 34 | 4.9% |
| 7 | 23 | 3.3% |
| 9 | 14 | 2.0% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 145 | |
| 2 | 50 | 7.2% |
| 3 | 108 | |
| 4 | 80 | |
| 5 | 130 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 10 | 69 | |
| 9 | 14 | 2.0% |
| 8 | 46 | |
| 7 | 23 | 3.3% |
| 6 | 34 |
| Distinct | 10 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 3.134477825 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 1 |
| median | 1 |
| Q3 | 5 |
| 95-th percentile | 10 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Range | 9 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 4 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 3.05145911 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.9735143395 |
| Kurtosis | 0.09880288537 |
| Mean | 3.134477825 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0 |
| Skewness | 1.233136558 |
| Sum | 2191 |
| Variance | 9.3114027 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 384 | |
| 10 | 67 | 9.6% |
| 3 | 52 | 7.4% |
| 2 | 45 | 6.4% |
| 4 | 40 | 5.7% |
| 5 | 30 | 4.3% |
| 8 | 29 | 4.1% |
| 6 | 27 | 3.9% |
| 7 | 19 | 2.7% |
| 9 | 6 | 0.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 384 | |
| 2 | 45 | 6.4% |
| 3 | 52 | 7.4% |
| 4 | 40 | 5.7% |
| 5 | 30 | 4.3% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 10 | 67 | |
| 9 | 6 | 0.9% |
| 8 | 29 | |
| 7 | 19 | 2.7% |
| 6 | 27 |
| Distinct | 10 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 3.207439199 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 1 |
| median | 1 |
| Q3 | 5 |
| 95-th percentile | 10 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Range | 9 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 4 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 2.971912767 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.9265686995 |
| Kurtosis | 0.007010980047 |
| Mean | 3.207439199 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0 |
| Skewness | 1.161859179 |
| Sum | 2242 |
| Variance | 8.832265496 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 353 | |
| 2 | 59 | 8.4% |
| 10 | 58 | 8.3% |
| 3 | 56 | 8.0% |
| 4 | 44 | 6.3% |
| 5 | 34 | 4.9% |
| 6 | 30 | 4.3% |
| 7 | 30 | 4.3% |
| 8 | 28 | 4.0% |
| 9 | 7 | 1.0% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 353 | |
| 2 | 59 | 8.4% |
| 3 | 56 | 8.0% |
| 4 | 44 | 6.3% |
| 5 | 34 | 4.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 10 | 58 | |
| 9 | 7 | 1.0% |
| 8 | 28 | |
| 7 | 30 | |
| 6 | 30 |
Marg
Real number (ℝ≥0)
| Distinct | 10 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 2.806866953 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 1 |
| median | 1 |
| Q3 | 4 |
| 95-th percentile | 10 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Range | 9 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 3 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 2.855379239 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 1.017283429 |
| Kurtosis | 0.9879470695 |
| Mean | 2.806866953 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0 |
| Skewness | 1.524468091 |
| Sum | 1962 |
| Variance | 8.1531906 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 407 | |
| 2 | 58 | 8.3% |
| 3 | 58 | 8.3% |
| 10 | 55 | 7.9% |
| 4 | 33 | 4.7% |
| 8 | 25 | 3.6% |
| 5 | 23 | 3.3% |
| 6 | 22 | 3.1% |
| 7 | 13 | 1.9% |
| 9 | 5 | 0.7% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 407 | |
| 2 | 58 | 8.3% |
| 3 | 58 | 8.3% |
| 4 | 33 | 4.7% |
| 5 | 23 | 3.3% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 10 | 55 | |
| 9 | 5 | 0.7% |
| 8 | 25 | |
| 7 | 13 | 1.9% |
| 6 | 22 | 3.1% |
Epith
Real number (ℝ≥0)
| Distinct | 10 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 3.21602289 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 2 |
| median | 2 |
| Q3 | 4 |
| 95-th percentile | 8 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Range | 9 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 2 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 2.214299887 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.6885211836 |
| Kurtosis | 2.169066423 |
| Mean | 3.21602289 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0 |
| Skewness | 1.712171802 |
| Sum | 2248 |
| Variance | 4.903123988 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 2 | 386 | |
| 3 | 72 | 10.3% |
| 4 | 48 | 6.9% |
| 1 | 47 | 6.7% |
| 6 | 41 | 5.9% |
| 5 | 39 | 5.6% |
| 10 | 31 | 4.4% |
| 8 | 21 | 3.0% |
| 7 | 12 | 1.7% |
| 9 | 2 | 0.3% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 47 | 6.7% |
| 2 | 386 | |
| 3 | 72 | 10.3% |
| 4 | 48 | 6.9% |
| 5 | 39 | 5.6% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 10 | 31 | |
| 9 | 2 | 0.3% |
| 8 | 21 | |
| 7 | 12 | 1.7% |
| 6 | 41 |
bare
Categorical
| Distinct | 11 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.6% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| 10 | |
| 2 | 30 |
| 5 | 30 |
| 3 | 28 |
| Other values (6) |
Length
| Max length | 2 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 1 |
| Mean length | 1.188841202 |
| Min length | 1 |
Characters and Unicode
| Total characters | 831 |
|---|---|
| Distinct characters | 11 |
| Distinct categories | 2 ? |
| Distinct scripts | 1 ? |
| Distinct blocks | 1 ? |
The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.
Unique
| Unique | 0 ? |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.0% |
Sample
| 1st row | 1 |
|---|---|
| 2nd row | 10 |
| 3rd row | 2 |
| 4th row | 4 |
| 5th row | 1 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 402 | |
| 10 | 132 | 18.9% |
| 2 | 30 | 4.3% |
| 5 | 30 | 4.3% |
| 3 | 28 | 4.0% |
| 8 | 21 | 3.0% |
| 4 | 19 | 2.7% |
| ? | 16 | 2.3% |
| 9 | 9 | 1.3% |
| 7 | 8 | 1.1% |
Histogram of lengths of the category
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 402 | |
| 10 | 132 | 18.9% |
| 2 | 30 | 4.3% |
| 5 | 30 | 4.3% |
| 3 | 28 | 4.0% |
| 8 | 21 | 3.0% |
| 4 | 19 | 2.7% |
| 16 | 2.3% | |
| 9 | 9 | 1.3% |
| 7 | 8 | 1.1% |
Most occurring characters
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 534 | |
| 0 | 132 | 15.9% |
| 2 | 30 | 3.6% |
| 5 | 30 | 3.6% |
| 3 | 28 | 3.4% |
| 8 | 21 | 2.5% |
| 4 | 19 | 2.3% |
| ? | 16 | 1.9% |
| 9 | 9 | 1.1% |
| 7 | 8 | 1.0% |
Most occurring categories
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| Decimal Number | 815 | |
| Other Punctuation | 16 | 1.9% |
Most frequent character per category
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 534 | |
| 0 | 132 | 16.2% |
| 2 | 30 | 3.7% |
| 5 | 30 | 3.7% |
| 3 | 28 | 3.4% |
| 8 | 21 | 2.6% |
| 4 | 19 | 2.3% |
| 9 | 9 | 1.1% |
| 7 | 8 | 1.0% |
| 6 | 4 | 0.5% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| ? | 16 |
Most occurring scripts
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| Common | 831 |
Most frequent character per script
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 534 | |
| 0 | 132 | 15.9% |
| 2 | 30 | 3.6% |
| 5 | 30 | 3.6% |
| 3 | 28 | 3.4% |
| 8 | 21 | 2.5% |
| 4 | 19 | 2.3% |
| ? | 16 | 1.9% |
| 9 | 9 | 1.1% |
| 7 | 8 | 1.0% |
Most occurring blocks
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| ASCII | 831 |
Most frequent character per block
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 534 | |
| 0 | 132 | 15.9% |
| 2 | 30 | 3.6% |
| 5 | 30 | 3.6% |
| 3 | 28 | 3.4% |
| 8 | 21 | 2.5% |
| 4 | 19 | 2.3% |
| ? | 16 | 1.9% |
| 9 | 9 | 1.1% |
| 7 | 8 | 1.0% |
b1
Real number (ℝ≥0)
| Distinct | 10 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 3.43776824 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 2 |
| median | 3 |
| Q3 | 5 |
| 95-th percentile | 8 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Range | 9 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 3 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 2.438364252 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.7092869798 |
| Kurtosis | 0.1846213115 |
| Mean | 3.43776824 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 1 |
| Skewness | 1.099969082 |
| Sum | 2403 |
| Variance | 5.945620227 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 2 | 166 | |
| 3 | 165 | |
| 1 | 152 | |
| 7 | 73 | |
| 4 | 40 | 5.7% |
| 5 | 34 | 4.9% |
| 8 | 28 | 4.0% |
| 10 | 20 | 2.9% |
| 9 | 11 | 1.6% |
| 6 | 10 | 1.4% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 152 | |
| 2 | 166 | |
| 3 | 165 | |
| 4 | 40 | 5.7% |
| 5 | 34 | 4.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 10 | 20 | 2.9% |
| 9 | 11 | 1.6% |
| 8 | 28 | 4.0% |
| 7 | 73 | |
| 6 | 10 | 1.4% |
nucleoli
Real number (ℝ≥0)
| Distinct | 10 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 2.86695279 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 1 |
| median | 1 |
| Q3 | 4 |
| 95-th percentile | 10 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Range | 9 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 3 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 3.053633894 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 1.065114816 |
| Kurtosis | 0.4742686755 |
| Mean | 2.86695279 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0 |
| Skewness | 1.422261257 |
| Sum | 2004 |
| Variance | 9.324679956 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 443 | |
| 10 | 61 | 8.7% |
| 3 | 44 | 6.3% |
| 2 | 36 | 5.2% |
| 8 | 24 | 3.4% |
| 6 | 22 | 3.1% |
| 5 | 19 | 2.7% |
| 4 | 18 | 2.6% |
| 7 | 16 | 2.3% |
| 9 | 16 | 2.3% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 443 | |
| 2 | 36 | 5.2% |
| 3 | 44 | 6.3% |
| 4 | 18 | 2.6% |
| 5 | 19 | 2.7% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 10 | 61 | |
| 9 | 16 | 2.3% |
| 8 | 24 | 3.4% |
| 7 | 16 | 2.3% |
| 6 | 22 | 3.1% |
Mitoses
Real number (ℝ≥0)
| Distinct | 9 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 1.3% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 1.589413448 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 1 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 1 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 1 |
| median | 1 |
| Q3 | 1 |
| 95-th percentile | 5 |
| Maximum | 10 |
| Range | 9 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 0 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 1.715077943 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 1.07906344 |
| Kurtosis | 12.65787807 |
| Mean | 1.589413448 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 0 |
| Skewness | 3.560657844 |
| Sum | 1111 |
| Variance | 2.941492349 |
| Monotocity | Not monotonic |
Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=9)
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 579 | |
| 2 | 35 | 5.0% |
| 3 | 33 | 4.7% |
| 10 | 14 | 2.0% |
| 4 | 12 | 1.7% |
| 7 | 9 | 1.3% |
| 8 | 8 | 1.1% |
| 5 | 6 | 0.9% |
| 6 | 3 | 0.4% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 1 | 579 | |
| 2 | 35 | 5.0% |
| 3 | 33 | 4.7% |
| 4 | 12 | 1.7% |
| 5 | 6 | 0.9% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 10 | 14 | |
| 8 | 8 | |
| 7 | 9 | |
| 6 | 3 | 0.4% |
| 5 | 6 |
class
Categorical
| Distinct | 2 |
|---|---|
| Distinct (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 5.6 KiB |
| 2 | |
|---|---|
| 4 |
Length
| Max length | 1 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 1 |
| Mean length | 1 |
| Min length | 1 |
Characters and Unicode
| Total characters | 699 |
|---|---|
| Distinct characters | 2 |
| Distinct categories | 1 ? |
| Distinct scripts | 1 ? |
| Distinct blocks | 1 ? |
The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.
Unique
| Unique | 0 ? |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.0% |
Sample
| 1st row | 2 |
|---|---|
| 2nd row | 2 |
| 3rd row | 2 |
| 4th row | 2 |
| 5th row | 2 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 2 | 458 | |
| 4 | 241 |
Histogram of lengths of the category
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 2 | 458 | |
| 4 | 241 |
Most occurring characters
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 2 | 458 | |
| 4 | 241 |
Most occurring categories
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| Decimal Number | 699 |
Most frequent character per category
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 2 | 458 | |
| 4 | 241 |
Most occurring scripts
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| Common | 699 |
Most frequent character per script
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 2 | 458 | |
| 4 | 241 |
Most occurring blocks
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| ASCII | 699 |
Most frequent character per block
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) |
| 2 | 458 | |
| 4 | 241 |
Pearson's r
The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.
Spearman's ρ
The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.
Kendall's τ
Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.
Phik (φk)
Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.Cramér's V (φc)
Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here. A simple visualization of nullity by column.
Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.
First rows
| ID | thickness | size | shape | Marg | Epith | bare | b1 | nucleoli | Mitoses | class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1000025 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 1 | 1002945 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 1015425 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | 1016277 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | 1017023 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | 1017122 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 4 |
| 6 | 1018099 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | 1018561 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | 1033078 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
| 9 | 1033078 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Last rows
| ID | thickness | size | shape | Marg | Epith | bare | b1 | nucleoli | Mitoses | class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 689 | 654546 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 |
| 690 | 654546 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 691 | 695091 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| 692 | 714039 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 693 | 763235 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 694 | 776715 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 695 | 841769 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 696 | 888820 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 4 |
| 697 | 897471 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 4 |
| 698 | 897471 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
Most frequent
| ID | thickness | size | shape | Marg | Epith | bare | b1 | nucleoli | Mitoses | class | count | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 320675 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| 1 | 466906 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 2 | 704097 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 1100524 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| 4 | 1116116 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 1198641 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 6 | 1218860 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 7 | 1321942 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |